Lascaux Caves: The Ultimate Guide
Lascaux Caves are one of the most famous prehistoric sites in the world, often called the "Sistine Chapel of Prehistory" for their extraordinary Paleolithic paintings. Located in the Vézère Valley in the Dordogne (Périgord Noir), the original cave contains over 600 animal figures and symbols dating back 17,000–20,000 years.
Discovered by accident in 1940, Lascaux revolutionized our understanding of prehistoric art and human creativity. The original site is closed to the public for preservation, but stunning replicas (Lascaux II, III, IV) allow visitors to experience its magic. Lascaux IV, the latest full-scale reproduction, opened in 2016 as part of the International Centre for Cave Art.
This ultimate guide covers Lascaux's history and evolution, highlights, how to buy tickets, location, a suggested tour, and fun facts – everything you need to plan an unforgettable visit to this UNESCO World Heritage masterpiece.
History of Lascaux Caves
History of Lascaux Caves
The Lascaux Caves were created naturally in limestone over millions of years, but their human history dates to the Upper Paleolithic era (c. 17,000–15,000 BCE, Magdalenian culture). Prehistoric artists used mineral pigments (ochre, manganese, charcoal) to paint and engrave over 600 figures, mostly animals like bison, horses, aurochs, and deer, with abstract signs and rare human forms.
Sealed by a rockfall around 15,000 years ago, the cave remained hidden until September 12, 1940, when four teenagers (Marcel Ravidat, Jacques Marsal, Georges Agnel, and Simon Coencas) and their dog Robot stumbled upon it near Montignac. It quickly became a sensation, attracting archaeologists like Abbé Henri Breuil, who called it the "Sistine Chapel of Prehistory."
Opened to the public in 1948, Lascaux drew over a million visitors by 1963, but human presence caused deterioration (green mold, CO2 damage). The cave was closed to the public on April 18, 1963, by Minister André Malraux for preservation. Since then, a series of replicas have been created to share its wonders.
Today, Lascaux is part of the UNESCO-listed "Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley" (1979). Strict monitoring keeps the original stable, while Lascaux IV provides an immersive modern experience.
The Evolution of the Lascaux Caves
After closure in 1963, the first replica, Lascaux II (opened 1983), reproduced 90% of the paintings in a concrete shell 200m from the original, using identical techniques. It attracted millions but became outdated.
Lascaux III (2012) was a traveling exhibition of panels showcasing key artworks, reaching audiences worldwide.
The pinnacle is Lascaux IV (opened December 2016), a full-scale, hyper-realistic reproduction of the entire cave using advanced 3D scanning, laser mapping, and artisanal painting. Integrated into the International Centre for Cave Art (Centre International de l'Art Pariétal), it includes interactive exhibits, 3D theaters, and virtual reality to contextualize prehistoric life.
This evolution reflects ongoing efforts to balance preservation with public access, ensuring Lascaux's legacy endures for future generations.
Highlights of Lascaux Caves
Lascaux IV is the main visitor site, faithfully recreating the cave's chambers and over 600 artworks. The experience combines cutting-edge technology with authentic ambiance (cool temperature, dim lighting, echoes).
Key chambers include the Hall of the Bulls (massive aurochs and horses), Axial Gallery (dynamic animal processions), and Passageway with abstract signs. Exhibits explain techniques (blowing pigment, engraving) and symbolism (hunting, shamanism theories).
Additional highlights: 3D cinema on global cave art, virtual reality stations, workshops on prehistoric tools, and temporary exhibitions.
Key highlights:
- Full-scale replica of all cave chambers & paintings
- Hall of the Bulls & Axial Gallery masterpieces
- Interactive exhibits & virtual reality
- 3D cinema on worldwide prehistoric art
- Workshops & prehistoric life recreations
- Outdoor park with valley views
How to Buy Tickets for Lascaux
Lascaux IV is extremely popular – tickets often sell out weeks in advance, especially in summer. Visits are timed and guided (English available).
Online Booking: The best way is via the official website (lascaux.fr). Select date/time, choose ticket type (adult €22, child 5–12 €15, under 5 free as of 2026). Pay securely; receive e-ticket. Book 1–3 months ahead for peak season.
On-Site: Limited same-day tickets at the center (arrive early, no guarantee). Combined tickets with other sites (e.g., Thot, Parc du Thot) offer savings.
Tips: Guided tours last 1.5–2 hours. Reduced rates for families/groups. Accessibility options available (wheelchair-friendly paths). Check for seasonal closures (January maintenance).
Location of Lascaux Caves
Lascaux is located in the Vézère Valley in southwestern France, part of the Dordogne department (Nouvelle-Aquitaine region). The original cave is hidden in a forested hill; Lascaux IV is at the base.
Address: Centre International de l'Art Pariétal, Avenue de Lascaux, 24290 Montignac-Lascaux, France.
How to Get There: By car: 30 min from Sarlat-la-Canéda (D704), 1 hour from Périgueux (D6089). Train: Montignac station (seasonal, from Bordeaux/Brive). Bus: Limited regional lines. Free parking on-site (large lot). GPS: 45.0539° N, 1.1667° E.
Combine with nearby sites like Lascaux II (original replica, limited visits) or Le Thot (prehistoric animal park).
Walking Tour – What to See at Lascaux
A visit to Lascaux IV takes 2–3 hours and is guided (timed entry). The site is wheelchair-accessible with paths. Park in the free lot and follow signs to the entrance.
1. Welcome & Orientation – Start in the foyer with intro film and exhibits on discovery (30 min).
2. Cave Replica Tour – Guided descent into the reproduced cave (45 min). Experience the Hall of the Bulls, Axial Gallery, Passageway, and Apse with audio and expert commentary.
3. Interactive Exhibits – Explore digital stations, 3D models, and VR experiences on prehistoric art and life (45–60 min).
4. 3D Cinema – Watch films on global cave art and Lascaux's legacy (20 min).
5. Workshops & Shop – Try prehistoric tool-making (seasonal) and browse the bookstore/gift shop.
6. Outdoor Park – Stroll the grounds with valley views and picnic areas.
Tips: No photos inside the replica (preservation simulation). Dress warmly (13°C inside). Combine with nearby Le Thot for a full day.
Fun Facts about Lascaux Caves
Lascaux has a fascinating story. Here are some interesting facts:
- Discovered by teenagers and their dog in 1940 – they first thought it was a secret tunnel!
- The paintings use natural pigments; black from manganese, red from iron oxide – no brushes, mostly blown or finger-painted.
- Lascaux contains the only known prehistoric depiction of a "unicorn" (a chimeric animal figure).
- After closure, Picasso visited Lascaux II and reportedly said, "We have invented nothing!"
- Lascaux IV used 25 artists over 3 years to recreate the art by hand, matching original techniques.